A niece happen to be vacationing in Italy and every time that a friend or family goes to a different country, I start looking for established probiotics that may be marketed only in that country which has PubMed studies. Enterogermina in Italy is one such treasure (in theory). Originally, the species was classified as Bacillus subtilis, which was later corrected to Bacillus clausii [“Bacillus clausii sporulated strains are actually used in the treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses to restore intestinal flora because of their antibiotic resistance and ability to stimulate immune activity…They have shown that B. clausii in Enterogermina can in fact colonize for brief periods of time on the intestinal wall of the gut, and provoke immune response in mice to rid of pathogenic bacteria. “]
- Bacillus clausii treatment showed a significant decrease of IL4 levels (p=0.004) and a significant increase of IFNgamma (p=0.038), TGFbeta (p=0.039), and IL10 (p=0.009) levels. In conclusion, this study shows that the Bacillus clausii may exert immuno-modulating activity by affecting cytokine pattern in allergic subjects and confirms previous study conducted in allergic children. [2005]
- “In conclusion, this study shows that the B. clausii may exert immunomodulating activity by affecting cytokine pattern at nasal level in allergic children with recurrent respiratory infections.” [2004]
- “DNA led to the finding that all of the Enterogermina strains belong to a unique genospecies, which is unequivocally identified as the alkalitolerant species Bacillus clausii…in contrast to several reference strains of B. clausii, the strains constituting Enterogermina are characterized by a notable low level of intraspecific genome diversity and that each strain has remained the same for the last 25 years.” [2001]
- “This review describes the therapeutic activity of Bacillus subtilis spores (Enterogermina) in the treatment of intestinal disorders associated with alterations in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the normal human intestinal flora.” [1994]
- “The immunomodulatory and stabilizing effect of Bacillus subtilis spores on the intestinal flora is probably responsible for this improvement.” [1985]
- “We examined two commercial B. subtilis probiotic preparations, Enterogermina and Biosubtyl. Surprisingly, physiological and genetic characterization of the bacteria contained in each of these preparations has shown that neither contains B. subtilis.” [1999]
- “Bacillus clausii spores survive transit through the human gastrointestinal tract. They can undergo germination, outgrowth and multiplication as vegetative forms. Bacillus clausii strains can have different ability to survive in the intestinal environment.” [2015]
- “B. clausii strains release antimicrobial substances in the medium. Moreover, the release of these antimicrobial substances was observed during stationary growth phase and coincided with sporulation. These substances were active against Gram-positive bacteria, in particular against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Clostridium difficile.” [2004]
- Bacillus clausii as a treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth [2009].
CFS Remission 